Palavras-chave
Corrupção No Sector Público
Impunidade Da Elite
Responsabilização Judicial
Execução Supranacional
Como Citar
Resumo
Este artigo explora a necessidade de um mecanismo judicial específico para a União Europeia no combate à corrupção em grande escala e aos crimes de colarinho branco envolvendo funcionários públicos, especialmente quando os sistemas nacionais não conseguem processar devido a interferência política ou fragilidades estruturais. Recorrendo a investigação jurídica doutrinal, análise comparativa e estudos de caso de Estados-Membros da UE, o artigo identifica lacunas persistentes na aplicação da lei na actual arquitectura multinível de combate à corrupção. Embora instituições como a Procuradoria Europeia (EPPO) e o Organismo Europeu de Luta Antifraude (OLAF) tenham melhorado a coordenação, carecem de poderes de execução vinculativos e não conseguem lidar plenamente com a impunidade enraizada. Com base no princípio da complementaridade, tal como definido no direito penal internacional, o artigo propõe a criação de um Tribunal Europeu para os Crimes de Colarinho Branco, com jurisdição para intervir apenas quando as autoridades nacionais não estão dispostas ou não podem agir. Uma instituição deste tipo preservaria a soberania dos Estados-Membros, proporcionando ao mesmo tempo um fórum neutro para investigações e processos independentes. O tribunal proposto poderia reforçar a prestação de contas, garantir a coerência jurídica em toda a União e reforçar a confiança pública no Estado de direito.
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